Prairie Block: Designing and Building Community Resilience in the Heartland
Designing for community resilience requires a multi-dimensional approach incorporating the three pillars of sustainability: social, economic, and environmental. (sidenote: Ben Purvis, Yong Mao, and Darren Robinson, “Three Pillars of Sustainability: In Search of Conceptual Origins,” Sustainability Science 14 (2019): 681-695. ↩ ) However, when budgets are tight, achieving these holistically can be difficult.
The challenge begs the question, “Can a community co-design a strategy using strong partnerships to shoulder project cost while fostering social capital and environmental improvements?”
Enter “Prairie Block” in Lawrence, Kansas: an interdisciplinary public/private/nonprofit/institutional partnership and a novel proving ground for breaking convention led by a group of design-build architecture students, faculty, and a community collaborator. (sidenote: See Supporting Materials on design-build pedagogy. ↩ ) Through a committed constellation of partners, an underused, underfunded city park was transformed into a vibrant neighborhood hub celebrating spirit of place and featuring a community fruit tree orchard, iconic shade structure (Kaw Pavilion), trails with seating and prairie plants, and creekside access.
East Lawrence: A Singular Place
Prairie Block, located in the neighborhood of East Lawrence, Kansas, is in the Kaw Valley Watershed on land long inhabited by the Kaw (Kansa) and Osage peoples. The authors acknowledge these traditional stewards of the land and we are honored to live in harmony with their descendants.
East Lawrence, or “the East Bottoms,” has long been a colorful bastion of underdog fortitude. After the Civil War, the city fathers located the new rail depot in the Bottoms since frequent river floods and mosquito infestations made it undesirable for housing. Subject also to discrimination and redlining over time, the East Bottoms developed as a disadvantaged neighborhood and as the town’s red-light district. (sidenote: Dennis Domer, ed., Embattled Lawrence Volume 2: The Enduring Struggles for Freedom (Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Historical Society, 2022). ↩ )
In the 1970s, a highway bypass plan was proposed that would bisect the neighborhood, destroying homes and uprooting longtime residents. But neighbors organized, fought the proposal, and won. Their success fostered a vibrant, outsider, activist neighborhood identity that continues to this day. (sidenote: See Supporting Materials, "East Lawrence Outsider Art + Culture Field Guide" for a dose of local culture. ↩ )
In 2007, the East Lawrence Neighborhood Association began working with the City to create Burroughs Creek Trail from a defunct rail line, and adjacent Burroughs Creek Park from a former brickyard. (sidenote: “Burroughs Creek Trail and Linear Park,” City of Lawrence, Kansas, accessed February 29, 2024, https://lawrenceks.org/lprd/parks/burroughscreek/ ↩ ) Despite this investment in the neighborhood, the park’s development stagnated, as did the fortunes of East Lawrencians. East Lawrence maintained its historic rating as a Department of Housing and Urban Development low-moderate-income census district. (sidenote: U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “Low to Moderate Income Population by Tract,” accessed February 29, 2024, https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/HUD::low-to-moderate-income-population-by-tract/about. ↩ )
Collaboration: A Catalyst for Change
Ten years later, the park had acquired a small playground and multi-use trail but remained an under-utilized, residual space. Then in 2018, community leader and environmental designer Suzan Hampton, now a doctoral student at the University of Kansas (KU), approached KU architecture professor Keith Van de Riet and proposed a town-gown partnership to create a one-block prairie restoration and park shelter celebrating the neighborhood’s place identity. (sidenote: Ashild Lappegard Hauge, “Identity and Place: A Critical Comparison of Three Identity Theories,” Architectural Science Review 50, no. 1 (2011): 44-51, https://doi.org/10.3763/asre.2007.5007. ↩ )
Hampton and Van de Riet met with the East Lawrence Neighborhood Association and the City to assess feasibility. Interest was high, but funding was non-existent. Could the project be accomplished by the combined efforts of Van de Riet’s students enrolled in his design-build studio, the City, neighborhood volunteers, and local nonprofits and businesses…for free?
From this beginning, the project evolved into an experimental, cooperative partnership that fostered community resilience via built and natural environmental interventions. Potential partners were approached to collaborate, and thanks to the strong reputation of KU’s design-build program (sidenote: “Designbuild,” The University of Kansas School of Architecture & Design, accessed February 29, 2024, https://designbuild.ku.edu/. ↩ ) , all agreed to assist.
Onsite meetings to gather feedback and strategize design ideas began. Some meetings were planned and others were spontaneous, but all included some combination of data gathering, observation, note taking, sketching, photography, and analysis. This methodology aligned both with the integrative arts research approach of process-driven investigation and with the neighborhood’s funky communication style. It allowed Van de Riet and Hampton to gather input serendipitously in places where folks were most comfortable (the pub, their front porch) and allowed ideas to loosely coalesce and a project direction to organically emerge.
Community members also weighed in during public design reviews hosted by the design-build students at the Kaw Valley Seed Fair, at the neighborhood recreation center, and at Delaware Street Commons, the cohousing community next door to the park. (sidenote: “What is Cohousing?” The Cohousing Association of the United States, accessed September 17, 2024, https://www.cohousing.org/what-cohousing/cohousing/ ↩ ) Social media provided a platform for project updates and ongoing conversations with community members.
Organic Partnership Model
Do-it-yourself collaboration and sharing of labor and resources are deeply embedded values in Kansas. Both European-American immigrant settler and Indigenous beliefs centered around the importance of community and collective work. (sidenote: Dennis Domer, ed., Embattled Lawrence Volume 2: The Enduring Struggles for Freedom (Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Historical Society, 2022); Stephanie Jensen, “The Importance of Community in Indigenous Peoples’ Healing,” National Alliance on Mental Illness, March 4, 2022, https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2022/The-Importance-of-Community-in-Indigenous-Peoples-Healing; “Meitheal," The Mary Robinson Center, accessed September 23, 2024, https://www.maryrobinsoncentre.ie/meitheal.html. ↩ ) Together, these symbiotic cultural values set a tone that informed the commitment of the partners. And rather than pose a barrier, the lack of project budget generated new community/for-profit/nonprofit linkages, a stronger design, and new environmental, economic and social value for the East Lawrence community.
Prairie Block partnership-building was an unplanned process that evolved as the project morphed from concept to form. Longstanding relationships yielded introductions and a trust toehold with contributors of in-kind labor and donated materials to help the students. (sidenote: See Supporting Material, Partners List. ↩ )
Meantime, digital feedback surveys and formal listening sessions typically used by the City for community engagement were not undertaken due to negative neighborhood perception. Instead, architecture students led open houses and had casual conversations about user preferences in the park. Comments made by families with young children, teens hanging out, after-school program participants, cyclists, and dog-walkers refined the design to celebrate neighborhood identity and increase feelings of ownership.
Many design decisions resulted from this community input, yielding a better end product. Responding to a suggestion to integrate ecology, the design team abstracted a prairie burn as a mural in the shingle cladding. The siting of the pavilion was modified in response to a prairie ecologist who cautioned against shading native plants. And pathway placement was changed for better access thanks to input from disabled adult day program participants who use wheelchairs. Some community members wanted to host book clubs at the pavilion and advocated sizing for three picnic tables, which was honored. And some neighbors felt the column height was disproportionate to the playground, so the height was lowered.
One takeaway that merits reassessment for future projects was the team’s modest success in engaging the Indigenous community as a co-creator on par with the other partners, despite personal introductions and multiple outreach attempts. An Indigenous colleague advised us to respect the community’s reticence to be involved, so we did. However, positive feedback was offered from the father of a Cherokee Nation design-build student who thanked the instructors for using a collaborative approach that was culturally familiar to him. The team was also overjoyed when a Native elder spotted the pavilion from his car and enthusiastically pulled over to share his support. In contrast to non-Native site visitors, he understood the symbolism of the water, grass, and fire roof mural without explanation.
Community Celebration of Place
Three months after the project broke ground, a Prairie Block Party grand opening was held on National Prairie Day-National Trails Day with speakers, live music, food trucks, and environmental groups tabling to celebrate this neighborhood win.
Since its opening, Kaw Pavilion has enjoyed year-round use as a gathering place for neighbors, workshop venue, Instagram selfie station, and hangout for teens. Volunteers from nonprofits Monarch Watch and Lawrence Fruit Tree Project regularly use the pavilion for training, while easy creek access gives kids close-up encounters with critters. In 2019, Indigenous artist Mona Cliff projected her expanded media installation “Natives Now” onto the street side of the pavilion (see Figure 14, top) commenting, “I thought it was an interesting structure since the design concept was inspired by Kansa traditional dwellings and was made with reclaimed materials.” (sidenote: Amber Fraley, “The Original Homes on the Range,” Kansas!, November 3, 2021, https://www.travelks.com/kansas-magazine/articles/post/original-homes-on-the-range/. ↩ )
Prairie Block Project Timeline
As Prairie Block transformed into an activated node of the citywide trail system, the City installed a bus shelter, public bathroom, and large splash pad for toddlers next to Kaw Pavilion. The Monarch Waystation adjacent to the pavilion is used to teach about backyard pollinators, and the park offers community members opportunities for contemplation, free fruit, and connecting with nature and with each other.
Nature-Inspired Common Knowledge Reboots Resilience
The Prairie Block partnership model evolved organically to mirror the environmental system it celebrates: the prairie. Its workings and outcomes are symbiotic, regenerative, and resilient. The relationships and process created by the partners are now manifesting in other public spaces to address different community and environmental challenges. And these new project approaches self-adapt depending on the needs of different user groups and sites. (sidenote: See Supporting Material, International Making Cities Livable slides. ↩ )
Economically, Kaw Pavilion and Prairie Block saved taxpayers money by using an in-kind, collaborative approach and by re-using surplus materials. This project capacity-building has created a replicable development model that is delivering economies of scale to other City projects.
In working so closely with the community, the architecture design-build students learned about empathic design and deep listening: skills they will take forward with them to serve other communities during their professional careers.
Combining an integrative arts research approach with a university design-build architecture project brought an underserved neighborhood and project partners together thanks to a deep respect for residents’ shared needs, identity, and cultural history. The resulting public intervention was designed by means of a values-driven approach hinging on collaboration and reciprocity, which is reflective of neighborhood values, and of the prairie ecosystem itself.
By embracing collaboration, Prairie Block has been transformational for East Lawrence, Kansas, and by completing the project with zero budget, its success has sparked city interest in replicating the model to grow environmental, social, and economic sustainability across neighborhoods.
References
“Burroughs Creek Trail and Linear Park.” City of Lawrence, Kansas. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://lawrenceks.org/lprd/parks/burroughscreek/
Chomicki, Guillaume, Roxanne Beinart, Carlos Prada, Kimberly B. Ritchie, and Marjorie Gayle Weber. “Editorial: Symbiotic Relationships as Shapers of Biodiversity.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, February 15, 2022. https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/12122/symbiotic-relationships-as-shapers-of-biodiversity/magazine
“Designbuild.” The University of Kansas School of Architecture & Design. Accessed February 29, 2024. https://designbuild.ku.edu/.
Domer, Dennis, ed. Embattled Lawrence Volume 2: The Enduring Struggles for Freedom. Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Historical Society, 2022.
Fraley, Amber. “The Original Homes on the Range.” Kansas!, November 3, 2021. https://www.travelks.com/kansas-magazine/articles/post/original-homes-on-the-range/.
Hauge, Ashild Lappegard. “Identity and Place: A Critical Comparison of Three Identity Theories.” Architectural Science Review 50, no. 1 (2011): 44-51. https://doi.org/10.3763/asre.2007.5007.
Jensen, Stephanie. “The Importance of Community in Indigenous Peoples’ Healing.” National Alliance on Mental Illness. March 4, 2022. https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2022/The-Importance-of-Community-in-Indigenous-Peoples-Healing.
“Meitheal.” The Mary Robinson Center. Accessed September 23, 2024. https://www.maryrobinsoncentre.ie/meitheal.html
Purvis, Ben, Yong Mao, and Darren Robinson. “Three Pillars of Sustainability: In Search of Conceptual Origins.” Sustainability Science 14 (2019): 681-695.
U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. “Low to Moderate Income Population by Tract.” Accessed February 29, 2024. https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/HUD::low-to-moderate-income-population-by-tract/about.
“What is Cohousing?” The Cohousing Association of the United States. Accessed September 17, 2024. https://www.cohousing.org/what-cohousing/cohousing/
Footnotes
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Ben Purvis, Yong Mao, and Darren Robinson, “Three Pillars of Sustainability: In Search of Conceptual Origins,” Sustainability Science 14 (2019): 681-695. ↩
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See Supporting Materials on design-build pedagogy. ↩
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Dennis Domer, ed., Embattled Lawrence Volume 2: The Enduring Struggles for Freedom (Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Historical Society, 2022). ↩
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See Supporting Materials, "East Lawrence Outsider Art + Culture Field Guide" for a dose of local culture. ↩
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“Burroughs Creek Trail and Linear Park,” City of Lawrence, Kansas, accessed February 29, 2024, https://lawrenceks.org/lprd/parks/burroughscreek/ ↩
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U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, “Low to Moderate Income Population by Tract,” accessed February 29, 2024, https://hudgis-hud.opendata.arcgis.com/datasets/HUD::low-to-moderate-income-population-by-tract/about. ↩
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Ashild Lappegard Hauge, “Identity and Place: A Critical Comparison of Three Identity Theories,” Architectural Science Review 50, no. 1 (2011): 44-51, https://doi.org/10.3763/asre.2007.5007. ↩
-
“Designbuild,” The University of Kansas School of Architecture & Design, accessed February 29, 2024, https://designbuild.ku.edu/. ↩
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“What is Cohousing?” The Cohousing Association of the United States, accessed September 17, 2024, https://www.cohousing.org/what-cohousing/cohousing/ ↩
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Dennis Domer, ed., Embattled Lawrence Volume 2: The Enduring Struggles for Freedom (Lawrence, Kansas: Douglas County Historical Society, 2022); Stephanie Jensen, “The Importance of Community in Indigenous Peoples’ Healing,” National Alliance on Mental Illness, March 4, 2022, https://www.nami.org/Blogs/NAMI-Blog/March-2022/The-Importance-of-Community-in-Indigenous-Peoples-Healing; “Meitheal," The Mary Robinson Center, accessed September 23, 2024, https://www.maryrobinsoncentre.ie/meitheal.html. ↩
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See Supporting Material, Partners List. ↩
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Amber Fraley, “The Original Homes on the Range,” Kansas!, November 3, 2021, https://www.travelks.com/kansas-magazine/articles/post/original-homes-on-the-range/. ↩
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See Supporting Material, International Making Cities Livable slides. ↩